The rostral scale is as broad as it is high.
The LD50 in mice, which is used as a possible indicator of snake venom toxicity, is: 0.133 mg/kg intravenous,[24] 0.40 mg/kg intraperitoneal,[25] about 0.75 mg/kg subcutaneous. Generally, it is not found at altitude, but has been reported as far up as 2300–3000 m (7,500-9,800 ft). a Russells viper bite is rare, recording an electrocardiogram in all snake bite patients may detect myocardial involvement earlier and devastating sequel of MI can be prevented in these cases if diagnosed earlier and managed with anti-snake venom. Superficially, the rough-scaled sand boa, Gongylophis conicus, has a color pattern that often looks like that of D. russelii, though it is completely harmless. Russell (1727–1805) was the author of An Account of Indian Serpents (1796) and A Continuation of an Account of Indian Serpents (1801). The snake also goes by several other names including Daboia russelii, the chain viper, Seven pacers, chain snake, and scissors snake. The anal plate is not divided. Famous snake catcher in Telangana dies of Russell’s viper bite. Man held captive at home rescued after two years, LAC row: Discussions confidential, do not want to prejudge, says Jaishankar, Indian companies may get nod to list in 7 countries, Why pause in Covid-19 vaccine trials may be a good sign, Live: Covid vaccine expected in next few months, says Harsh Vardhan. [6], D. russelii is found in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Pakistan, Cambodia, Tibet, China (Guangxi, Guangdong), Taiwan and Indonesia (Endeh, Flores, east Java, Komodo, and Lomblen Islands). . It is uncommon to rare in the Ganges valley, northern Bengal, and Assam. The Russell’s Pit Viper is far more dangerous than most poisonous snakes because it harms you even if you survive the initial bite. Early medical treatment and early access to antivenom can prevent and drastically reduce the chance of developing the severe/potentially lethal complications. Juveniles, though, are generally more nervous.
In fact, the Russell’s Viper is known to cause around 80% of the snake bites reported in Burma. The type locality is listed as "India". The Russel's Viper or Daboia russelii is responsible for a high morbidity (symptoms indicating Russel's viper bite) and fatalities. [22], D. russelii is ovoviviparous. The eyes are large, flecked with yellow or gold, and surrounded by 10–15 circumorbital scales. Most Russell’s viper bites (63%) occur in the day time, between 6 am and 6 pm (Silva et al, 2016b). Finest Camera Options For Videographers And Budding Vloggers, Bicycles for Men: To stay fit and keep the environment clean, Terms of Use and Grievance Redressal Policy. Indeed, the presence of rodents and lizards is the main reason they are attracted to human habitation. [18], A study in The Lancet showed that out of a sample of people bitten by D. russelii who survived, 29% of them suffered severe damage to their pituitary glands, which later resulted in hypopituitarism.
Reid HA (1968). [5], In English, common names of D. russelii include Russell's viper,[6][7][8][9] chain viper,[7][9] Indian Russell's viper,[10][11] common Russell's viper,[12] seven pacer,[13] chain snake, and scissors snake. The two maxillary bones support at least two and at the most five or six pairs of fangs at a time: the first are active and the rest replacements. One of the drawbacks of its bites is that it potentially causes acute renal failure. The supranasal scale has a strong crescent shape and separates the nasal from the nasorostral scale anteriorly. This test is often referred to as dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT). Full recovery from bites from a Russel's Viper is rare, as the kidney's are severely damaged by the snake's venom. • Hawgood BJ (November 1994). [18] The reported maximum is 75[23] in a single litter.
The lower edge of the nasal scale touches the nasorostral scale. [26] For most humans, a lethal dose is about 40–70 mg. Each of these spots has a black ring around it, the outer border of which is intensified with a rim of white or yellow.
The venom destroys the kidneys, with kidney failure often claiming the lives of people who survive the initial bite, and hemorrhaging occurs throughout the body including in the pituitary gland. Apart from being a member of the big four snakes in India, Daboia is also one of the genera responsible for causing the most snakebite incidents and deaths among all venomous snakes on account of many factors, such as their wide distribution, generally aggressive demeanor, and frequent occurrence in highly populated areas. [16] Ditmars (1937) reported the following dimensions for a "fair-sized adult specimen":[17], The head is flattened, triangular, and distinct from the neck. Litters of 20–40 are common,[6] although fewer offspring may occur, as few as one. More specifically, this would be the Coromandel Coast, by inference of Russell (1796).[19]. [27] (1999) are among those who favor the original misspelling, citing Article 32c (ii) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The gestation period is more than six months. But the girl was bitten by a baby Russell’s viper on the stairway. The coagulant in the venom directly activates factor X, which turns prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of factor V and phospholipid. However, it is essentially a nocturnal snake and numerous bites occur at dusk and in the early hours of the night, usually on foot paths, roads and home gardens (Kularatne, 2003). The supraocular scales are narrow, single, and separated by six to nine scales across the head. This is a dangerous snake, as it can strike with great force and speed, and deliver greater than the lethal dose in humans. The amount of venom produced by the russell’s viper is ample, with adult specimens ranging from 130 milligrams to 268 mg in a single bite. The dorsal scales are strongly keeled; only the lowest row is smooth. The eye is separated from the supralabials by three or four rows of suboculars. At birth, juveniles are 215–260 mm (8.5–10.2 in) in total length. [6] The fangs attain a length of 16.5 mm (0.65 in) in the average specimen. Share to Facebook . [18] As of November 2016, a new antivenom was developed by the Costa Rican Clodomiro Picado Institute, and clinical trial phase in Sri Lanka.[32]. In India, Russell’s viper goes by many monikers including the lurker, Chandra Boda, Lindu, and Ghonas. [20][21] The identity of this sensor is not certain, but the nerve endings in the supranasal sac of these snakes resemble those found in other heat-sensitive organs. [18], Some herpetologists believe, because D. russelii is so successful as a species and has such a fearful reputation within its natural environment, another snake has come to mimic its appearance. The minimum total length for a gravid female is about 100 cm (39 in). [6] It is more slender than most vipers. [18], Although this genus does not have the heat-sensitive pit organs common to the Crotalinae, it is one of a number of viperines that are apparently able to react to thermal cues, further supporting the notion that they, too, possess a heat-sensitive organ. Shaw & Nodder (1797), in their account of the species Coluber russelii, named it after Dr. Patrick Russell, but apparently misspelled his name, using only one "L" instead of two.
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "Thermoregulation is the pits: use of thermal radiation for retreat site selection by rattlesnakes", "Heat in evolution's kitchen: evolutionary perspectives on the functions and origin of the facial pit of pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae)", 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(199806)251:2<221::AID-AR10>3.0.CO;2-Q, "Hypopituitarism following envenoming by Russell's Vipers (, http://www.sundaytimes.lk/161009/news/trials-to-start-for-home-grown-anti-venom-211742.html, "The use of the dilute Russell viper venom time for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russell%27s_viper&oldid=984442176, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. "Handbook of the snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh and Pakistan". [2], The species is named after Patrick Russell (1726–1805),[3] a Scottish herpetologist who first described many of India's snakes, and the name of the genus is from the Hindi word meaning "that lies hid", or "the lurker". D. russelii is not restricted to any particular habitat, but does tend to avoid dense forests. [4] In Odia and Bengali this snake is called chandra-boda and chandroborha respectively since it carries lenticular or more precisely lunar marks all over its body. It was described in 1797 by George Shaw and Frederick Polydore Nodder, and named in honour of Patrick Russell who wrote of it in his 1796 work An account of Indian serpents, collected on the coast of Coromandel. It seems that sexual maturity is achieved in 2–3 years. Severe pain may last for 2–4 weeks. The venter is white, whitish, yellowish, or pinkish, often with an irregular scattering of dark spots.
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