In 2016, scientists with the Pale Red Dot project revealed the first known world orbiting Proxima Centauriâa planet at least 1.3 times as massive as Earth thatâs perhaps warm enough for life as we know it to thrive on its surface. [83], Prior to this discovery, multiple measurements of the star's radial velocity constrained the maximum mass that a detectable companion to Proxima Centauri could possess. Exoplanets challenge the notion that we are alone in the universe. A scatter plot of Proxima Centauri radial velocity versus orbital binding energy for the Monte Carlo simulations run by Wertheimer and Laughlin. The red light of the star Promixa Centauri falls over the surface of the planet Proxima b in an illustration.
[59] Proxima also has a relatively large proper motion—moving 3.85 arcseconds per year across the sky. Scientists are going to continue collecting data on the star and are planning on using information from the European Space Agencyâs Gaia spacecraft to further study the motion of Proxima Centauri, which would refine their interpretation of its wobbles. Examination of past photographic records showed that the star displayed a measurable increase in magnitude on about 8% of the images, making it the most active flare star then known. Due to its large distance from Proxima Centauri, it is unlikely to be habitable, with a low equilibrium temperature of around 39 K.[90] The planet was first reported by Italian astrophysicist Mario Damasso and his colleagues in April 2019. The proximity of the star allows for detailed observation of its flare activity. predicted that Proxima will make its closest approach to the Sun in approximately 26,700 years, coming within 3.11 ly (0.95 pc). They also tentatively detected two additional features: a cold belt with a temperature of 10 K orbiting around 30 AU and a compact emission source about 1.2 arcseconds from the star.
âThis is really an amazing, amazing resultâI hope it withstands scientific scrutiny over the next few months and years,â says Rene Heller of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research. An Earth-like planet outside the solar system may not be able to keep a grip on its atmosphere, leaving the surface exposed to harmful stellar radiation and reducing its potential for habitability. The magnetic energy from this field is released at the surface through stellar flares that briefly increase the overall luminosity of the star. [63] Proxima Centauri is orbiting through the Milky Way at a distance from the Galactic Centre that varies from 27 to 31 kly (8.3 to 9.5 kpc), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.07. This object was discovered in 1915 by Robert Innes and is the nearest-known star to the Sun. Proxima is more than 2 degrees away from the Alpha Centauri pair; on observatory photographs, there are thousands of background stars in between. [32], Because of Proxima Centauri's southern declination, it can only be viewed south of latitude 27° N.[nb 4] Red dwarfs such as Proxima Centauri are too faint to be seen with the naked eye.
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