These modifications allow the kakapo to have enhanced light sensitivity but with poor visual acuity. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. A simulation of the future of kakapo. As they gain greater independence, their mothers may feed the chicks sporadically for up to 6 months. [37] Males loosely gather in an arena and compete with each other to attract females. The eyes are dark brown. Males call from track-and-bowl systems to attract females for mating. [36][34] The kakapo's adaptations to avoid avian predation have thus been useless against its new enemies, and the reason for its massive decline since the introduction of dogs, cats and mustelids (see Conservation: Human impact). There are probably more kākāpō alive now than at any time for ≥70 years. #kakapo2019 #conservation pic: @deidre_vercoe", "Parrot that tried to mate with Mark Carwardine is given a government role", "Cult of the party parrot: How a ridiculous bird became an emoji hero", "Number, fate, and distribution of Kakapo (, New Zealand Department of Conservation Kakapo Page, News stories, and clips from the BBC archive, Interview with NZ conservationists Alison Ballance and the late Don Merton, Kakapo- Video from April 2003, with footage of Richard-Henry (Kakapo) and Chalky Island, from YouTube, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kakapo&oldid=981972906, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1989: Most kakapo are removed from Rakiura to Whenua Hou and Hauturu-O-Toi, 1995: Kakapo population consists of 51 individuals; beginning of the Kakapo Recovery Programme, 2002: A significant breeding season led to 24 chicks being hatched, 2005: 41 females and 45 males, including four fledglings (3 females and 1 male); kakapo established on Anchor Island.
[75], Dunedin's Wildlife Hospital has treated 12 birds.
[4], Like many other parrots, kakapo have a variety of calls. They survived dry, hot summers on the North Island as well as cold winter temperatures in the sub-alpine areas of Fiordland. In 1977, sightings of kakapo were reported on Stewart Island. [19] The smell often alerts predators to the presence of kakapo. Two of the most significant documentaries, both made by NHNZ, are Kakapo – Night Parrot (1982) and To Save the Kakapo (1997). [26] Kakapo lived in a variety of habitats, including tussocklands, scrublands and coastal areas. This was corroborated by European settlers in New Zealand in the 19th century, among them George Edward Grey, who once wrote in a letter to an associate that his pet kakapo's behaviour towards him and his friends was "more like that of a dog than a bird". [3], It has finely blotched yellow-green plumage, a distinct facial disc, a large grey beak, short legs, large feet, and relatively short wings and tail. A large flightless forest-dwelling parrot, with a pale owl-like face. The booms can be heard at least 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) away on a still night; wind can carry the sound at least 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). Data loggers record when mother kakapo come and go, allowing rangers to pick a time to check on the health of chicks, and also indicate how hard females are having to work to find food. Breeding success in the wild has been augmented by a supplementary feeding program and artificial incubation; however, only about 100 kakapo remain. [54] Beginning in the 1840s, Pākehā settlers cleared vast tracts of land for farming and grazing, further reducing kakapo habitat. Kakapo eggs usually hatch within 30 days,[43] bearing fluffy grey chicks that are quite helpless. Adult male (Sirocco). The pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles are greatly reduced. [88] Kakapo feathers were also used to decorate the heads of taiaha, but were removed before use in combat. [24] Every individual kakapo receives an annual health check and has their transmitter replaced. Notornis 53: 90-99. Kakapo now occur only on forested islands, though they previously appeared to have inhabited a wide range of vegetation types. [46], The beak of the kakapo is adapted for grinding food finely. [15][16] Males are larger than females. Kakapo breed only once every two to five years, when certain plant species, primarily Dacrydium cupressinum (rimu), produce protein-rich fruit and seeds. 2006. They forage on the ground and climb high into trees. Kakapo diet changes according to the season. ; Moorhouse, R.J. 2006. A keen naturalist, Henry was aware that native birds were declining, and began catching and moving kakapo and kiwi from the mainland to the predator-free Resolution Island.
All kakapo islands are now rat-free, but infrared cameras still allow rangers to remotely monitor the behaviour of females and chicks in nests. It is able to survive easily on very little or on very low quality food sources.
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