A blockade against the Confederacy would theoretically hurt the South's economy by damaging trade. Study.com has thousands of articles about every Arnold, J. The 216 foot, 623 ton sidewheel steamer left Nassau on September 19, 1863, bound for the port of Wilmington carrying general cargo consisting of mostly steel and saltpeter. The British built CSS Robert E. Lee in an undated photgraph, likely taken after its capture by the Union Fleet. Select a subject to preview related courses: Throughout the war, blockade runners became so important that they were the primary means of bringing in supplies and goods for the Confederate cause. study 1999. In a direct effort to damage the blockade of Charleston, Confederates had begun yet another trend in naval warfare. Steam ships being used in war was new enough, but the Union and Confederate governments began building ironclad ships for use in battle. The Confederacy experimented with using submarine vessels to destroy Union blockade ships for months in 1863 and 1864. Soon smaller, faster ships known as blockade runners challenged the US Navy on the seas, slipping in and out of ports delivering weapons to the Confederate Army, paid for with Southern cotton and tobacco. The South's main economic staple was its cotton crop, grown and picked largely by slave labor. It was based on the knowledge that the seceding states had little manufacturing industry and relied on agricultural products for trade. In 1862 a British blockade running firm, Alexander Collie and Company, purchased a fast steam packet which had been operating on the Glasgow to Belfast route. Among the many port cities affected by the blockade were Wilmington, North Carolina; Charleston, South Carolina; Mobile, Alabama; and New Orleans, Louisiana. | 9 One of the first measures which Lincoln and his government took to do this was to effect a blockade on the entire Confederacy, attempting to shut off the Confederacy from all trade and commerce. The United States had 42 ships in commission when President Lincoln proclaimed the blockade, with another 48 in ordinary. Create an account to start this course today. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? The states which had seceded had major ports at Wilmington, Charleston, Savannah, in Florida, and in the Gulf at Mobile, New Orleans, and in Texas at Galveston, among others. Let's learn more to see whether or not this tactic was successful. While the Union blockade did have a definite impact on the Confederacy by limiting its trade and closing major ports, Southern blockade runners were successful enough to maintain Confederate ties to European nations, bringing in important supplies for Southern civilians and Confederate armies. The ship had a short career in the Confederate Navy, though it was a successful blockade runner for most of 1863. How many private blockade runners were there in 1861? Scott's plan, known by its moniker the Anaconda Plan, called for the Union to blockade the South and seize the Mississippi River, in effect strangling the Southern states. The Battle of Hampton Roads: Summary, Causes & Consequences, Quiz & Worksheet - The Blockade and Blockade Runners During the Civil War, Over 79,000 lessons in all major subjects, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, President Lincoln's Cabinet: Members & Dynamics, President Davis' Cabinet: Members & Dynamics, Comparing the Union and Confederate Armies: Policies & Members, General McClellan, the Army of Potomac & the Peninsula Campaign, The Battle of Shiloh: Conflict, Outcome & Generals Involved, The Fight for the Mississippi River in 1862: Summary & History, The Second Battle of Bull Run: Summary & Facts, The Battle of Antietam: Conflict, Outcome & Significance, The Battle of Fredericksburg: Summary, Timeline & Significance, The Emancipation Proclamation: Creation, Context and Legacy, Primary Source: The Emancipation Proclamation, The Civil War West of the Mississippi River: Summary & Major Events, Britain and France Respond to the American Civil War, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, Biological and Biomedical Often, goods would be shipped from Great Britain to Nassau or Havana in the Caribbean, where the Southern blockade runners would acquire the goods, normally dropping off cotton which would be sent on to Britain. The blockade of the South during the Civil War, as well as Southern attempts to circumvent it, signaled a new era in naval warfare. CSS Robert E. Lee was a successful blockade runner purchased from the British. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 79,000 Wikimedia. The blockade runners of the American Civil War were specially outfitted Confederate ships designed to slip through the blockade of Southern by the Union Navy during the American Civil War. The Navy ballooned from less than 9,000 men in the antebellum years to over 24,000 at the end of 1861. Only three ships were considered suitable for the duties required of them in a blockade. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Money from cotton made the South a player on the world stage because countries such as England and France used Southern cotton in their textile mills. Another major victory which occurred for the U.S. Navy was in August 1864 when then Rear Admiral David Farragut seized Mobile, the last Confederate port in the Gulf of Mexico. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page. Robert E. Lee was captured by the Union Navy after it departed for Bermuda from the Cape Fear River in November 1863, and taken into the Navy under the name Fort Donelson. These victories made David Farragut one the most important and prominent naval leaders for the Union during the Civil War. Blockading is an old naval tactic that has been used throughout the years by various nations in attempts to starve, outlast, or simply destroy their enemies. You can test out of the Nearly all of them were privately owned, though the Confederate government purchased some, commissioning them into the Confederate Navy. General Winfield Scott devised the Anaconda Plan to isolate the Confederate States from international trade. In response, the Confederacy used small fast ships known as blockade runners. The South needed arms from European manufacturers. The Confederacy did not sit idle during these years of blockading. All rights reserved. They also purchased commerce raiders built in Britain to prey on Union shipping. Ultimately, however, the lack of a full and robust economic trade took its toll on the Confederacy, which was unable to fight Union armies, feed its population, defend its soil, and fend off the Union blockade all at the same time. By April of 1861, of the 33 states in the Union, seven had seceded and joined the Confederacy. Another innovation of war that was tied to the blockade was the advent of submarines. After the war it was sold to the Chilean Navy. In 1861, when the Civil War began, the South was far behind the North when it came to industry, manufacturing, and goods. If they were stopped or seen by Union vessels, the ships would either attempt to evade them or simply use their steam power to outrun them, speeding away as fast as possible. The blockade was the responsibility of the United States Navy, which was ill-prepared to enforce it in the early days of the war. Already registered? Get access risk-free for 30 days, But they needed Confederate produce. What did the Confederacy rely upon to provide income to fund their efforts in the Civil War? Many of them were steam ships built for the ocean. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. A few weeks later, Flag Officer David Farragut led his fleet into New Orleans, capturing the city that served as one of the most important ports in the entire Confederacy. Neither England nor France officially recognized the Confederate States of America during the Civil War.
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