While dams are often touted as a method to control flooding of rivers, they are also at the root of many flood disasters. The report contained proposals for many new upstream dams, including some, like John Day Dam, that would provide both hydropower and flood control. Hydroelectric dams are concrete marvels of engineering. (Such pipe systems may also be set directly in a beaver dam, to control the water level upstream.) Within recent decades, however, the environmental impacts of dams have been debated. A flood dam operates as part of a flood control system to protect communities from uncontrolled flood waters. Diversion dams divert river water to irrigate crops. Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir over which or through which it is intended that water will flow either intermittently or continuously. In dams such as those on the Mississippi River, flood discharges are of such magnitude that Thanks to the flood regulation of the dam, no part of the Yangtze River's main stream including Jingjiang River has crossed the highest water level mark. 5. The dams also are useful in supplying regulated water to agricultural farming activity . Flood control dams are often earth dams--made of huge mounds of clay, sand, gravel, and rock--but may instead be made of concrete. Usually, it is necessary to control the upstream water level, and a pre-dam fence alone is not sufficient. Dams create a flooding risk if they experience a failure. Many spillways have floodgates designed to control the flow through the spillway. A spillway is a section of a dam designed to pass water from the upstream side of a dam to the downstream side. Dams have long been acknowledged for providing electricity without the pollution of other methods, for flood protection, and for making water available for agriculture and human needs. Many smaller dams have a pipe and riser spillway to carry most flows and a vegetated earth or rock-cut spillway through an abutment to carry infrequent high flood flows. spillway crest to control discharge. Such dams do not create reservoirs to store water for use in the future, nor do they generate hydroelectric power. The Vajont Dam Failed in 1963, only 4 years after its construction was finalized just outside of Venice, Italy. The purpose of the locks and dams is to create a series of steps which river tows and other boats either climb or descend as they travel upstream or downstream. While dams do perform important functions, their effects can be damaging to the environment. This creates an artificial lake upstream of the dam to provide a reservoir of fresh water and to regulate floods downstream. A flexible leveler system with one or more flex pipes is then added through the fencing. It help in reducing the flood threat to some extent and help in regulating the flow of water. Large dams may be built for flood control, irrigation, and/or electrical generation. We might use dams to provide us with a form of flood control, but the failure of this structure can have devastating consequences for downstream communities. But since it is located between the Yangtze River's midstream and upstream, the Three Gorges Dam plays a relatively small part in flood control in its downstream tributaries. The dams or locks do not prevent any flooding. The new projects would reduce the Columbia’s erratic flow ratio to a manageable 4 to 1 or 5 to 1 and make large hydropower dams more feasible. They can be installed by government agencies and communities, and are subject to regulation for safety. 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