Mays gave the eulogy at King’s funeral after his assassination in 1968. I talked to Jelks about the book earlier this week. Dr. Mays once said that, "there is not a state in the nation where I Benjamin Mays was born August 1st, 1894 and died March 28th, 1984. The Mays' consistently had not only Martin King, but other young students over to dinner, and introduced them to national figures from A. Philip Randolph to Dorothy Height. Off and on, Mays spent 14 years at UChicago, where he studied with Shirley Jackson Case and Shailer Matthews, two of the most noted theologians of his time. Mays taught and mentored many influential activists: Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon, among others. Greenwood, S.C.’s Benjamin E. Mays’ influence and impact on American history between Reconstruction and the modern Civil Rights era are unparalleled. Chicago was famous for liberal theology, which appealed to Mays in spite of his orthodox religious upbringing. Hill back in the day was very conservative. A huge part of his work involved educating Black pastors. That sounds consistent with his belief that faith is action. “Some activists viewed nonviolent strategies as being unrealistic in light of the outright terror that had been organized against them,” Jelks writes. Phone: 864-344-7460. But she certainly was not worrying about the greater cause. Mays was a preacher, educator, scholar, author and a civil rights activist who made considerable contributions to a shift in the American consciousness regarding race and education. It is the ethics of Jesus and the teachings of Jesus that are far more long-lasting than whether Jesus arose from the dead. Mays provided leadership and support to Dr. King, who later went on to become the most recognized Civil Rights leader. Second, if Benjamin Mays had been president of Harvard, there would have been 1000 books written about him, because in a 27-year stretch, he graduated and was looked up to by people like Martin Luther King Jr., Marian Wright Edelman, Julian Bond, David Satcher, who was Surgeon General of the United States, and on and on and on. I talked to Dr. Randal M. Jelks for UrbanFaith.com about his new biography of the Rev. Christine A. Scheller: Why is Benjamin Mays important? “It must be borne in mind that the tragedy of life doesn't lie in not reaching your goal. “I went to the University of Chicago because I like their philosophy, that if you can interpret anything in the Bible you need to know the political, social and economic conditions in which it was written,” he said, according to Benjamin Elijah Mays: Schoolmaster of the Movement, a new biography by University of Kansas professor Randal Maurice Jelks. Basic Information. Mays was 70 years old—no longer the college’s president but a civil-rights leader—when he delivered King’s eulogy, at Morehouse, on April 9, 1968. The late US Representative Elijah Cummings recited this 54-word poem by Dr. Benjamin E. Mays, a pioneering civil rights leader who was the president of Morehouse College during Martin Luther King Jr. education there, during his first congressional speech. In 1938, he published "The Negro's God, as Reflected in His Literature," a study of the image and concept of God in African American Christianity. In his era, even though he was trying to be non-denominational, he doesn't quite know what to do with people who are in ever-growing numbers becoming Pentecostal store-front preachers. And so, for young King to be entrusted to Benjamin Mays was a very good thing for his family. “That he can translate to them this great historical moment.”. So Mays becomes this new model of a highly educated Black minister and socially connected to world-wide issues. And so you take on personas as you are trying to find your voice, sort of like painters and musicians. King, only in his mid-20s when he became the nation’s most famous civil rights leader, relied heavily on Mays’s leadership example. I thought it was fascinating to read about how Mays' trip to India to meet Ghandi and his debates with the Dutch Reformed South African theologian shaped his view of the American experience. You write that Rauschenbusch didn't say much about the sin of racism, but that Mays saw in Rauschenbusch's theology something he could use. Benjamin E. Mays was an educator, leader, pastor, and civil rights activist during the time of segregation, lynchings, and Jim Crow Laws in the South. Sign up for membership to become a founding member and help shape HuffPost's next chapter. And, of course, you're shaped by your education, and here he was a University of Chicago PhD. Mays concluded the same thing from both the impoverishment he faced in rural South and the kind of totalizing exclusion that he saw in Jim Crow America. What a wonderful education. This is where his Christian ideals come in. In your estimation, what do we owe Benjamin Mays? Dr. Benjamin Mays Benjamin Elijah Mays was born in 1895 in Ninety-Six, a small town in South Carolina, to parents who had been born in slavery and freed at the end of the Civil War. Mays considered himself a spiritual and intellectual leader, a voice for his people, but always of them. Learn From the Father of the Civil Rights Movement. He seemed to have some prejudice against the low-church experience. I don't think you would have seen too many White writers, like Neibuhr, saying in a column that the Korean War is wrong. African American scholar Benjamin E. Mays was among the first generation of people of color to be born into freedom in the southern United States. But Benjamin Mays’ mother, Louvenia, supported his educational goals. Some of his earliest prayers were for the schooling that would allow him to escape the social and economic oppression of his life in rural South Carolina. Inside Ebenezer Baptist Church he urged an audience of mostly white dignitaries—the black members were left to stand outside in sweltering Atlanta heat—not to “dishonor [King’s] name by trying to solve our problems through rioting in the streets.” If they could turn their sorrow into hope for the future and use their outrage to invigorate a peaceful climb to the mountaintop, “Martin Luther King Jr. will have died a redemptive death from which all mankind will benefit.”. (Photo by Joe McTyre, 1975; Kenan Research Center, Atlanta History Center), Benjamin Mays photographed at the 1949 meeting of the Council of World Churches at Chichester, England. Is there a direct link there? Those battles also grew more fruitful in the cause of freedom. Wikipedia Today is National Voter Registration Day! On his 46th birthday, Mays was appointed president of Morehouse College in Atlanta — a post he would hold through 1967. Louvenia took her son’s place in the cotton fields, freeing Mays to leave his hometown of Epworth in 1911 for the equivalent of high school at South Carolina State College in Orangeburg. So, even if we had Catholics and Eastern Orthodox in the United States, that narrative sort of shapes American life and culture. Dr. Benjamin E. Mays, a nationally known educator who was an early champion of the civil rights movement, died in an Atlanta hospital yesterday after a long illness. His teachings and example inspired … In the first full-length biography of Mays, Dr. Randal M. Jelks, associate professor of American and African American studies at the University of Kansas, provides an in-depth look not only at Mays' meteoric rise from humble Southern roots to international acclaim, but he also sheds new light on the fertile soil out of which the Civil Rights Movement grew. Some of his earliest prayers were for the schooling that would allow him to escape the social and economic oppression of his life in rural South Carolina. “It was Mays who held the job as King’s consigliere over the next fourteen years as the death threats against him grew more ominous and the public battles more dangerous.”. Mays was trying to give them some grounding. He wrote columns for black newspapers—the Norfolk Journal and Guide, the Baltimore Afro-American, the Pittsburgh Courier. Mays served as president of Morehouse College in … Lastly, long before this term "public intellectual" was coined, he was indeed a public intellectual, writing primarily to Black people. Perhaps best known as the longtime president of Morehouse College in Atlanta, Benjamin Mays was a distinguished African American minister, educator, scholar, and social activist. Martin Luther King Jr.'s historic visits to Rockefeller Memorial Chapel in 1956 & 1959. Mays grounded his civil rights philosophy in the Christian faith, but moved away from his conservative Baptist heritage into Social Gospel theology. “The tragedy of life doesn't lie in not reaching your goal. King cited Mays as one of his great influences. Did Mays believe in the divinity of Christ? Benjamin Mays Though most famous for his role as a mentor for Martin Luther King, Jr., Benjamin Mays (ca.1894- 1984) was a leading advocate of civil rights before and after the modern Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 60s. Benjamin and Martin Luther King developed a close relationship that lasted until King died. Mays suffered the toll of that violence; on April 4, 1968, it killed King, his “spiritual son.” But when called upon to deliver the eulogy for the man he had hoped would give his own, Mays held firm to his belief in the futility of retribution. Even some of his critics, when they were criticizing the negro's church, saw that bias. “He was doing interdisciplinary studies long before we were using that term,” Jelks notes. Mays becomes an intervening force. That's what Mays would probably say. She was like, "That's my husband's work and he should be giving more credit where credit is due.". Photograph by Jim Daniels. They're all at dinner listening to these conversations, soaking them up. Where they were won, victories could be traced to the social theology Mays had advocated for decades. If you hear a lick, and that's good, you're going to borrow that lick. “He thinks that ordinary black folk can know what he’s talking about,” Jelks said in a lecture at the Divinity School in November 2011. Freedom of conscience is also very much an inheritance that he picked up on as a dissenting tradition. Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays. You said Mays' emphasis was more on Jesus' humanity than on his divinity. I was trying to say there are other voices out here who had significance and who have historical legacies that are important. Benjamin Mays photographed in 1975 at Morehouse College. American Christian minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. Mays taught and mentored many influential activists, including Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon, among others. He very much realized that the problems of Black liberation were the problems of liberation for people around the world in many different settings. Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays, who Jelks describes as the "schoolmaster" of the Civil Rights Movement. Mays wanted to educate them in a certain way. He didn't see the problems of the United States as separate. This is the privilege of being able to travel at a time when most Americans would not have seen the world. That's right. Mays could rightly assume that the American narrative began with religious freedom and the theology of those English Protestants of all stripes coming to the British colonies of North America. The elder Mays cared only about his son’s ability to work. There is still the need to educate Black clergy. So it made sense sociologically for him to speak the language of the people and through these institutions that had moral influence. BENJAMIN E. MAYS: THE ROLE OF CHARACTER IN THE PROLONGED STRUGGLE FOR AFRICAN AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS Milton Lawler ABSTRACT This study examined the life of Benjamin Elijah Mays, in terms of discerning his character strengths and the role they played in addressing equality issues during his lifetime and beyond. Martin Luther King Jr., who described Mays as his "intellectual father." Even as a child, civil rights leader Benjamin Elijah Mays sensed that education would be his salvation. There are lots of pastors who go to conservative seminaries and who buy whole hog the arguments. Martin Luther King Jr. didn't emerge on the civil rights scene fully formed but drew from a rich spiritual and intellectual heritage that he owed, in part, to his mentor, the Rev. He served as a minister, educator, scholar, activist, and president of Morehouse College. Dr. Mays was born on this day in 1894, and we take a look back at his life and legacy. They play like other musicians until they find their own creative spark and energy. For Mays, Jesus' death on the cross is because of his actions in facing the state. Mays validated his mother’s intuition. He was also influenced by the work of Carter G. Woodson, PhD’1908, another of the forty-five African-Americans to receive a PhD from the University of Chicago before 1943—the most of any American university in that era. Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown vs. Board of Education , Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag. Many of them have gone forth to serve their communities, states and the nation and have imparted to others the teachings they received. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s; include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s race and the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag. One of the things that we don't give enough credit to is the Protestant dissenting tradition that is a shaping force in American democracy. While there, he became an ordained minister at Shiloh Baptist Church. Part of HuffPost Religion. Mays’ research brought together both theological texts as well as contemporary literature in a way that was unusual for the time. This interview has been reprinted with permission from UrbanFaith.com. And yet, Mrs. Mays complained at one point that King was borrowing from Mays without attribution. When you see people dying everyday from disease and impoverishment (these were European immigrants) at an alarming rate, you say, "How is this individualized gospel helping these people? As an eminent scholar trained at the Divinity School, a Baptist minister, a dean at Howard University, and president of Morehouse College from 1940 to 1967, Mays helped to bend the arc of American history away from the segregation and mob injustice that seared his memory. You can see everyone growing tired of state-sanctioned violence that was done against young civil rights activists. He inspired civil rights leaders, including the Rev. King's father was a trustee of Morehouse and a graduate of Morehouse himself. What's the shaping force for him to make this place so rich?" Susie Allen contributed to this story. He wasn't skeptical. His principles of nonviolence, echoing the gospel of love that Mays considered Christianity’s only constant, provided a rhetorical bridge from the pulpit to the public square. He had a strong commitment both to Christianity and democracy that you connect with his Baptist ecclesiology. Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SYB9hfkGxA. The shack was the Greenwood County birthplace of Benjamin E. Mays ’20, the civil rights theorist, educator, preacher, Morehouse College president and mentor to the Rev. Elizabeth Davenport, Dean of Rockefeller Memorial Chapel, recounts Rev. Non-violent struggle keeps people's dignity and personhood in tact. Of course there are conservative pastors who come on, like E.V. Best known for advancing civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi. Mays is now in his 70s as the Black Power movement emerges and he begins trying to figure out if it is right to speak in this language. Born on August 1, 1894 in Greenwood County, South Carolina, Mays was the youngest of eight children of former slaves Hezekiah Mays and Louvenia Carter Mays. If he had been president of Harvard, people would say, "What kind of educator does that? Address: 237 North Hospital Street, Greenwood, SC, United States. Martin Luther King Jr. — in short, schoolmaster to the civil rights movement, to paraphrase recent Mays biographer Randal M. Jelks. Certainly E.V. While thousands were organizing, he sought a mindful approach to the Movement, serving as a mentor to Martin Luther King Jr. zons under the tutelage of Dr. Benjamin E. Mays (1895-1984), world renowned scholar, minister, civil rights advocate, educator, ora-tor and philosopher. Tap here to turn on desktop notifications to get the news sent straight to you. When King's home is bombed in Montogmery, Mays has to persuade his father to back off, because his father wants him to pack up and move back to Atlanta. Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays. In terms of Ghandi, what he saw was that black people in America were a racial minority, so to pick up 1917 Bolshevik-style revolution would have been tantamount to signing a death warrant. SS8H11 – The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rights movement. I don't think he was as explicit as he might have been that he wanted to educate Black pastors in a liberal, progressive way in order to empower a social movement. He paid his train fare with a ten-dollar bill that Hezekiah threw at him in anger as he left. A blissful three-year period ended in tragedy when Mays’ wife and their baby died in childbirth. In this he was in conflict with his father, who felt Mays' time … So Mays would have had a low Christology in the sense that what he sees as important about Jesus are the actions that he took and what he stood for. In point of fact, it had a long and winding road to becoming a fully understood national movement. Is that correct? Martin Luther King Jr., a Morehouse graduate, who called Mays “my spiritual mentor and my intellectual father.” Mays gave the eulogy at King’s funeral. If it was just personalized and just a communitarian voluntary organization, it could not be a force for mobilizing social change. Still, he was forced to battle racial discrimination and economic hardship in the drive to obtain an education. Benjamin Elijah Mays was born August 1, 1894, in the town of Epworth in Greenwood County, South Carolina. Benjamin is known for his leadership and service in the Civil Rights Movement. Benjamin E. Mays Quotes and Sayings - Page 1. Sep 15, 2014 - Benjamin Mays served as the "intellectual conscience" to the Civil Rights Movement. But casualties continued to mount, so the war raged on against the forces of discrimination and, increasingly, within the civil rights movement itself. I think the generation coming after him was much more skeptical about the ideas of moral suasion in light of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and other things. Benjamin E. Mays: Schoolmaster of the Civil Rights Movement by Christine A. Scheller Martin Luther King Jr. didn’t emerge on the civil rights scene fully formed but drew from a rich spiritual and intellectual heritage that he owed, in part, to his mentor, the Rev. (Photo by Larry Burrows/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images), Clinton Global Initiative University to boost social impact projects, Students at UChicago’s innovation hub work on startups, social impact, Prof. Eugene Parker, who redefined how we view the sun, witnesses launch of solar mission, Transformative experiences challenge students’ intellectual curiosity, The University of ChicagoEdward H. Levi Hall5801 South Ellis AvenueChicago, Illinois 60637773.702.1234 Even as a child, civil rights leader Benjamin Elijah Mays sensed that education would be his salvation. Is it only teaching them to be saved for the moment and live through this hell on earth?" Mays served as president of Morehouse College in Atlanta for 27 years and delivered the eulogy at King's funeral. With his selection, Witherspoon will teach a newly-created course on Mays and the evolution of civil rights in the United States each academic year. He was particularly drawn to the affinity between Apartheid and Jim Crow. King was already a really fine young orator, but in terms of being fully formed, I don't think so. So King becomes very much persuaded through Mays that ministry could have a social application, because, as he writes, he had planned to go to law school. He had not planned to pick up things like his father, who he thought was too conservative in his approach to ministry. If he was going to remain Christian, then the gospel has to speak to societal issues; it couldn't just speak to individual issues. We made it easy for you to exercise your right to vote. You write that King modeled his early civil rights persona after Mays. Mays, as a part of his generation, really didn't look favorably on the experience of Pentecostals in particular and people in store-front churches. He was also a significant mentor to civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and was among the most articulate and outspoken critics of segregation before the rise of the modern civil rights movement in the United States. He doesn't have this sort of Anselm theology of the Middle Ages that says Jesus is the sacrifice for all of us. Benjamin E. Mays. The tragedy lies in having no goals to reach.”. Mays enrolled at the Divinity School in 1920 after graduating Phi Beta Kappa from Bates College in Maine. Home Civil Rights Dear Mammy Dear Mammy Newly discovered letters reveal the unlikely friendship that helped spur Margaret Mitchell to become one … Mays was also a significant mentor to civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and was among the most articulate and outspoken critics of segregation before the rise of the modern civil rights movement in the United States. 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