[38], After the presentation of the legal documents, the novella concludes in a style of "spare, rapid, matter-of-fact statement into longer paragraphs and a more sustained and concentrated emphasis:", These last paragraphs introduce a new tone, after the "teasing oscillations of mood" in the first part and the "dry repetitions of the court documents," the novella's conclusion is "terse, rapid, taut with detail," and for Berthoff an admirable example of "Melville's ordinary boldness in fitting his performance to the whole developing occasion. ", Wright, Nathalia (1972). Captain Delano enjoys the sight of Babo performing the kind of personal service to his master Delano thinks blacks are especially well suited for, manicuring, hair-dressing, and barbering. He sees the remaining sailors taking flight into the masts to escape the "flourishing hatchets and knives" of the blacks who are after them. Upon arrival, Delano is greeted by Spaniards and black men and women who beg him for water and supplies. [79], No other printing appeared during Melville's lifetime.[80]. "[65] In a letter of 31 July Curtis still had reservations about "all the dreadful statistics at the end", but nevertheless proposed the serialization. Benito Cereno (1856) - The story of an African slaver, generally thought to be the best of Melville’s shorter works. Cinqué, the protagonist of Amistad becomes a hero and a righteous freedom fighter who wants nothing more than to return his home. Every so often, Delbanco notices an unusual hissing whisper or silent hand signal "might cut through Delano's haze and awaken him to the true situation, but he always reverts to 'tranquillizing' thoughts" about the white man's power and the black man's "natural servility". [6] In 1839, the Spanish schooner La Amistad with fifty slaves became the site of slave revolt between two Cuban ports, and two crew members were killed. Historian Sterling Stuckey finds it unjust to restrict attention to chapter 18, because Melville used elements from other chapters as well. In 1799 off the coast of Chile, captain Amasa Delano of the American sealer and merchant ship Bachelor's Delight visits the San Dominick, a Spanish slave ship apparently in distress. Delano himself, for a brief moment, cannot resist "the vagary, that in the black he saw a headsman, and in the white, a man at the block." "[85], On 4 June 1856, the New Bedford Daily Mercury found that "Benito Cereno" was "told with due gravity. From Herman Melville, “Midnight, Forecastle,” in, 5. Instead, when they reach the United States, they are imprisoned as runaway slaves. Biographer Parker concludes the legal documents section is roughly half Melville's own invention fused with slightly adapted documents copied from Delano. [27], With regard to Melville’s choice to implement a third-person narration, John Bryant believes that no first-person narrator was used because it would have made the suspense hard to sustain, as first-person narrators "too easily announce their limitations. In his letter of 16 February 1856 to Dix & Edwards, Melville directed that the note be dropped "as the book is now to be published as a collection of 'Tales' , that note is unsuitable & had better be omitted. The issue is "not his lack of intelligence, but the shape of his mind, which can process reality only through the sieve of a culturally conditioned benevolent racism," and Delano is eventually "conned by his most cherished stereotypes. "[89], The Melville Revival of the early 1920s produced the first collected edition of his works, and the publication of the Constable edition of The Piazza Tales in 1922 marked a turning-point in the evaluation of the short fiction, with Michael Sadleirs remark in Excursions in Victorian Bibliography that Melville's genius is "more perfectly and skilfully revelead" in the short fiction than it is in Moby-Dick. Delano’s men prevent him from achieving his purpose. He learns that the ship is called the San Dominick and meets its captain, Don Benito Cereno. [1] The famous question of what had cast such a shadow upon Cereno was used by American author Ralph Ellison as an epigraph to his 1952 novel Invisible Man, excluding Cereno's answer, "The negro." The year before Melville submitted "Benito Cereno" to Putnam's Monthly, federal troops were used in Boston to re-turn Anthony Burns to slavery in … Olmsted, who copyedited and proofread Benito Cereno, is responsible for some of the idiosyncratic spelling in the tale’s Putnam’s version.20 In 1855, Olmsted, who would go on to cofound The Nation, was working on a series of books about the slaveholding South. "Melville's Tales.". Final Exam Study Guide 10 pages. Delano, dumbfounded, … When The Rover arrives with supplies, Delano sends the dinghy back for more water while he continues to observe curious incidents. It echoes in Herman Melville's haunting, disquieting short story ''Benito Cereno.'' [100] It was later revived off-Broadway in 1976. Prose rhythm: tension vs. relief, narrative style versus legal documents. [58], The scene of Babo's shaving of Don Benito is, in Delbanco's words, "a meditation on subjectivity itself." "The Tambourine in Glory: African Culture and Melville's Art. Beyond this, the world views them as a thing to be owned. [33] Delbanco concludes his description of the shaving scene (see below) with an assessment of what he sees as the purpose of the rhythm: "This pattern of tension followed by release gives Benito Cereno its teasing rhythm of flow-and-ebb, which, since the release is never complete, has the incremental effect of building pressure toward the bursting point."[34]. Meantime, the guns were in readiness, though, owing to the San Dominick having glided somewhat astern of the sealer, only the aftermost could be brought to bear. But only a few inconsiderable ropes were shot away. At first view, authorities assume that Don Benito Cereno's farfetched account is an outgrowth of emotional disturbance resulting from trauma. Third, while the real Delano was accompanied by his midshipman Luther, Melville's Delano visits the Spanish ship alone. [67][note 4] around the same time that DeBow's Review, a "virulently pro-slavery" magazine, denounced Putnam's as "the leading review of the Black Republican party," because the periodical was becoming "increasingly belligerent on the slavery issue. Only 2 left in stock - order soon. Though the names of the captains remain unchanged, Melville changes the name of the confidential servant from Muri to Babo. Paperback $6.99 $ 6. Herman Melville’s “Benito Cereno” unravels as a tale about a slave revolt, wherein the slaves take control of the San Dominick. The absence of a flag on the San Dominick is an early indication that there is something piratical about it and that it is not following ordinary, formal procedures. [66], The novella was first serialized anonymously in Putnam's Monthly Magazine in three installments: no. eNotes critical analyses help you gain a deeper understanding of Benito Cereno so you can excel on your essay or test. Don Joaquin. Hayford, Harrison (1984). Benito Cereno ’s childhood friend Alexandro Aranda is the owner of most of the slaves on the San Dominick before the slaves’ rebellion. "'Benito Cereno' and 'The Encantadas' hold in the small compass of their beauty the essence of their author's supreme artistry". 2/2/2020 Virtue Ethics - Moral Philosophy and Literature 2/9 BENITO CERENO STUDY GUIDE Benito Cereno Literary Criticism and Questions Billy Budd and Injustice Billy Budd Hypertext BILLY BUDD PAPER QUESTION Billy Budd Study Guide Billy Budd Trial Prep Billy Budd v Capt Vere: Paine v Hobbes Billy Budd Vocab BUMMER SENTENCES CANYONLANDS AND DESERT SOLITAIRE PROJECT Declaration of … and travelers. Curtis expressed being "anxious" to read Melville's new story, which Dix then sent him. Frances E.W. "[87] The New York Times for 27 June found "Benito Cereno" "melodramatic, not effective. She was soon out of reach of our shot, steering out of the bay. Yet Delano answers Cereno’s questions about the crew, cargo, and arms aboard the Bachelor’s Delight without reserve, reasoning that the innocent are protected by the truth. The ship's anchor was raised. When Delano asks about the slaves' master, Alexandro Aranda, Benito states that he took fever aboard the ship and died. Ironically, the ragged Babo looked "something like a begging friar of Saint Francis." Benito Cereno. We soon had our guns ready; but the Spanish ship had dropped so far astern of the Perseverance, that we could bring but one gun to bear on her, which was the after one. The poem was first published in American Poetry Review in 1996. How does Benito Cereno die? Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, Newman, Lea Bertani Vozar (1986). by Herman Melville | Dec 5, 2009. Herman Melville in 1860, five years after the writing of. Babo's head looks in the direction of St. Bartholomew’s church, where "the recovered bones of Aranda" lay, and further across the bridge "towards the monastery on Mount Agonia without: where, three months after being dismissed by the court, Benito Cereno, borne on the bier, did, indeed, follow his leader. Assuming the standard roles of the races, Delano ignores many troubling signs. Joaquin has tar-black hands as a result of a punishment Babo inflicted upon him. Babo suggests that Delano join them in the cuddy to continue his conversation with Cereno, and Delano witnesses the shaving with an appreciative eye for Babo’s graceful skill as a barber and a hairdresser. As the ship is crossing from Cuba to the United States, Cinque who was a tribal leader in Africa, leads a munity and takes over the ship. Authors/Editors. [77] Melville decided to drop the note after the change of title meant that the stories were no longer presented as sketches but as tales. In 1926 the novella became the first separate edition of any of his short prose pieces when the Nonesuch Press published the 1856 text with illustrations by E. McKnight Kauffer. Lecture number: 13 Pages: 4 Type: Lecture Note School: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Course: Amst 384 - American Memory Edition: 1. Bryant, John (2001). "[69], On October 9, 1855, Evening Post correspondent "Pictor" revealed the source for the story, and inferred how it would end. It is a parable of slavery, written at the dawn of the civil war, about a black crew’s desire for freedom. "[3] The novella's "unreliable, even deceptive, narration" continues to cause misunderstanding. What these singular, distinctive titles celebrate is book-ness. Hayford, MacDougall, and Tanselle (1987), 582, Reprinted in Hayford, MacDougall, and Tanselle (1987), 819, Hayford, MacDougall, and Tanselle (1987), 588. [11] Melville introduces incidents of his own invention, chief among them the shaving of Don Benito, the giant Atufal in chains, and the lunch aboard the Spanish ship. This was fired six times, without any other effect than cutting away the fore top-mast stay, and some other small ropes which were no hindrance to her going away. 99 $6.99 $6.99. Then followed a legal battle which went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, where John Quincy Adams succeeded in setting the slaves free in the 1841 U.S. Supreme Court ruling United States v. The Amistad. Delano is troubled by the amount of black people on board since they greatly outnumber the Spaniards. His purpose is now revealed: "Not Captain Delano, but Don Benito, the black, leaping into the boat, had intended to stab." 34, October 1855; no. But it’s the handsomely minimalist cover of the Melville House edition that gets me here, one of many in the small publisher’s fine 'Art of the Novella' series." [42] However, by the mid-20th century, at least some critics read Benito Cereno as a tale that primarily explores human depravity and does not reflect upon race at all. "[10] Besides changing the date to 1799, Melville made three more notable additions. Whiteness, Blackness, and Sermons to Sharks: Race in Melville's Moby Dick . The name of the ship is not only appropriate for the African slaves, but also "hints of the blackness with which the story is filled. Apparently, Babo tests the blade across his palm, and for Delano the sound is that of a man humbling himself, while Cereno hears "the black man warning him: if you make one move toward candor, I will cut your throat." One such switch is the replacement of Muri's name by his father's, Babo. At first sighting, the ship is likened to a "white-washed monastery after a thunderstorm." This version of Benito Cereno presents the novel in a readable and affordable format with light and supportive annotations and supporting editorial content to help you connect with the central themes of the book. Discussion of themes and motifs in Herman Melville's Benito Cereno. Recent discourse concerning the uses Herman Melville made of race, slavery, and ethnic difference has centered on Benito Cereno, on Melville's meditation about the "whiteness of the whale," and on Ishmael's friendship with Queequeg. Benito Cereno Summary Captain Amasa Delano is a friendly bloke and sea captain from Massachusetts who has the good luck of captaining a large boat with lots of valuable stuff on board. An American naval vessel seized the Amistad when the ship had wandered off course near Long Island. Three months later, in sight of Babo’s brazen stare, Benito Cereno […] For Berthoff, the presence of these documents represent "only the most abrupt of a series of shifts and starts in the presentation" that constitute the narrative rhythm of "tension increasing and diminishing" and of "the nervous succession of antithetical feelings and intuitions. "Herman Melville.". With a second dagger, Babo continues his attack. Los volúmenes relatan la historia de España del siglo XIX desde la batalla de Trafalgar en 1805 hasta el golpe de ... El talento de Benito Pérez Galdós para la creación de personajes a la vez reflejo ... El talento de Benito Pérez Galdós para la creación de personajes a la vez reflejo The Americans display no better moral when they board the ship at the end of the story: it is not kindness that restrains them from killing the Africans, but their plan to claim the "cargo" for themselves. Benito Cereno, Bartleby: The Scrivener, and The Encantadas. Benito Cereno is a novella by Herman Melville, a fictionalized account about the revolt on a Spanish slave ship captained by Don Benito Cereno, first published in three installments in Putnam's Monthly in 1855. Product Details; ... Cinque, the Chief of the Amistad Captives (1840) Delano’s experience aboard the San Dominick is depicted through his inaccurate perceptions of the racial dynamics on board the ship. [64], Melville probably wrote the novella in the winter of 1854-55. FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. [49], Other critics regard Melville's alteration of the year of events from 1799 to 1805, the Christopher Columbus motif, and the name of the San Dominick as allusions to the French colony then known as Saint-Domingue, called Santo Domingo in Spanish, one of the first landing places of Columbus. 19th Century Literature Prof. From Frederick Douglass, “The Heroic Slave” (1853), 2. [70], No record of payment for the novella survives,[71] but apparently the magazine's new owners continued to pay Melville at the rate of $5.00 per page. With this, they fired six times; thinking to cripple the fugitive ship by bringing down her spars. Hayford, Harrison, Alma A. MacDougall, and G. Thomas Tanselle (1987). With the American public intensely aware of the possibility of slave revolt, having either lived through or heard about a string of rebellions – Gabriel’s Rebellion in the summer of 1800, the revolt at Santo Domingo in 1801, the Southampton Insurrection … Choose Expedited Shipping at checkout for delivery by, Attended the Albany Academy in Albany, New York, until age 15, Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser, the confidence man his masquerade original, Bartleby, the Scrivener A Story of Wall-Street, Benito Pérez Galdós - El Equipaje del Rey, Benito Pérez Galdós - Juan Martín el Empecinado, Benito Pérez Galdós - Napoleón en Chamartín, Helsinki Restaurant Guide 2020: Your Guide to Authentic, 2. "[78] The editors of the Northwestern-Newberry edition infer that the note, which does not survive, would have revealed the relation between the story and Amasa Delano's original account, and that Melville thought this relationship was better left unrevealed in a "tale". Generally, his inventions are "not distinguishable without collation of the real depositions against Melville's deposition, for the Delano chapter provided dazzlingly evocative material to work from. The monk who administers the oath to Benito Cereno to tell the truth of his experiences at the vice-regal hearing following the capture of the mutinous slaves. Benito Cereno is one of the bleakest pieces of writing in American literature. The opening moments of Benito Cereno are full of symbolism and hidden signals about important themes in the novella and events that are to come. Documents in this Packet. Harper, “The Slave Mother. The first mentioning of it appears in a letter of 17 April 1855 from adviser George William Curtis to Joshua A. Dix, the publisher of Putnam's. "[73] Despite Curtis's pressing to use it in the September issue--"You have paid for it," he wrote on 31 July—serializing began six months after he first voiced his approval. We pulled as fast as we could on board; and then despatched the boat for the man who was left in the water, whom we succeeded to save alive. Babo, the hidden protagonist in Benito Cereno is represented as an evil, a cruel murderer and a reptilian betrayer. [48] in reality, enough incidents occur to suspect a "mutinous activity on the part of the slaves", but Delano "does not see them as intelligent human beings". 99. —Adam Begley, The New York Observer "I’ve always been haunted by Bartleby, the proto-slacker. Perspectives in American Literature, Chapter 3: Early Nineteenth Century: Herman Melville (1819–1891), This page was last edited on 17 April 2021, at 00:57. [23] He also names sources for the presence of Ashantee culture in the novella.[24]. One day, Bartleby, a relatively new employee is asked to help proofread a document and Bartleby answers with what soon ... Benito Cereno es una novela corta, publicada a modo folletín en la revista Putnams' monthy, ... Benito Cereno es una novela corta, publicada a modo folletín en la revista Putnams' monthy, When the American steps into The Rover and takes off, "Don Benito sprang over the bulwarks, falling at the feet of Captain Delano." pero el estilo no es nada folletinesco, todo lo contrario y mas profundo que eso. social de la pequeña burguesía madrileña y agudo análisis psicológico de la condición humana, desplegó en Tristana todas sus potencialidades. Employing a third-person narrator who reports Delano's point of view without any correction, the story has become a famous example of unreliable narration. In 2011, Benito Cereno was performed in another off-Broadway production without the other two plays of the trilogy.[101]. They continue to sail, hoping to find help when they land. [91] Academic study of the novella took off, with gradually increasing numbers of annual publications on the story through the decades. Instead of storm and epidemics, a bloody slave revolt under Babo’s command causes mortalities among the crew, including Aranda. Battered and mouldy, the castellated forecastle seemed some ancient turrot, long ago taken by assault, and then left to decay." Enabling JavaScript in your browser will allow you to experience all the features of our site. [90] Harold H. Scudder's 1928 study of Melville's major literary source for the story was the first scholarly article on the short fiction. Cereno is nervously shaking, and just when Delano asks him how he spent over two months crossing a distance Delano himself would have sailed within a few days, "Just then the razor drew blood." "[62] Literary historian Richard Gray calls the novella an interrogation of "the American optimism of its narrator [sic] and the European pessimism of its protagonist, Cereno, under the shadow of slavery. Available instantly. Lydia Maria Child, “The Influence of Slavery with Regard to Moral Purity” (1838), 12. According to scholar Merton M. Sealts Jr., the story is "an oblique comment on those prevailing attitudes toward blacks and slavery in the United States that would ultimately precipitate civil war between North and South". Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point” (1849), 4. Captain Benito Cereno hurried aboard his ship. This event is related a second time, now in "the cumbersome style of a judicial exposition" for which the documents in the source provided the model. It is unclear whether the nick is caused by a sudden wave on the sea, or "a momentary unsteadiness of the servant’s hand." In the Creole case, the slaves were set free under the 1833 British Act of Emancipation. by David Cope. https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/benito-cereno-herman-melville/1116753046 [45] For Newton Arvin in 1950, Babo was "a monster out of Gothic fiction at its worst",[46] for Frederick Busch in 1986 "Babo is the genius of the story", and it is "his brain the white men fear". Benito Cereno is Melville’s version of a true story he read in Amasa Delano’s Narrative of Voyages and Travels in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (1817). James M. Whitfield, “To Cinque” (1853), 6. Contents. Three Spanish sailors dive after him along with Babo, who is holding a dagger and accompanied by a dark avalanche of slaves. At the time of publishing, the denouement most likely came as no less shocking to the reader than to Delano himself, and "the story's final effect is to force readers to retrace their own racism to discover how, as a condition of mind, it distorts our vision. "[53] Delano's impression of the female slaves is part of his overall misperception: "After Aranda's death, the women, whom Delano imagines to be as docile and sweet as does with their fawns, shave Aranda's bones clean with their hatchets, then hang his skeleton over the carved figurehead of Cristobal Colón as a warning to the surviving Spaniards. “Benito Cereno” is narrated from a third person point of view that is limited to the perspective of Captain Amasa Delano, an American sailor from Massachusetts. The ship is actually filled with rebel slaves who killed their owner, Alexandro Aranda, and are in control of the Spaniards including Captain Benito. From Herman Melville, “A Bosom Friend,” in, 4. After sailors identify the unrelenting Babo in a Lima court, he is humiliated, gibbeted, and his body burned. They're slim enough to be portable but showy enough to be conspicuously consumed—tiny little objects that demand to be loved for the commodities they are." For a better shopping experience, please upgrade now. The San Donimick commanded by a Spanish captain, Benito Cereno, is actually sea-jacked and directed by the mutinous slaves, and the docility of Babo who serves his master Benito is a mere mask of “malign machinations and deceptions” (101)8. "[44], Since the 1940s, criticism has moved to reading Babo as the heroic leader of a slave rebellion whose tragic failure does not diminish the genius of the rebels. From Herman Melville, “Mr. On 19 April Curtis wrote to Dix he found the story "very good", even though he regretted that Melville "did not work it up as a connected tale instead of putting in the dreary documents at the end. At this point, Don Benito stops and states, "I have to thank those Negroes you see, who, though to your inexperienced eyes appearing unruly, have, indeed, conducted themselves with less of restlessness than even their owner could have thought possible under such circumstances." He assumes that the blacks are under the dominion of Benito Cereno; in reality, they have revolted, forcing the Spanish sailors to perform for Delano as if the ship’s crew was culled by a pestilent sickness. Melville elaborates on Cereno's leap into Delano's boat after Babo's attempt to stab Cereno as well as the revelation of the skeleton-shaped figurehead. [note 3] Don Benito, on the other hand, shakes with fear. Don Benito’s timidness and unwillingness to punish the wild behavior of the slaves confuses Delano, but he overlooks this strange behavior. "[41], Because of its ambiguity, the novella has been read by some as racist and pro-slavery and by others as anti-racist and abolitionist. Check out this great listen on Audible.com. [72] Putnam's editorial advisor George William Curtis finished reading the novella as early as April, and recommended its acceptance to Joshua Dix, because it was "very striking & well done" on the whole, though he took "the dreary documents at the end" for a sign that Melville "does everything too hurriedly now. "[59], Babo then draws a spot of blood from Don Benito with a flick of his razor, an accident he calls "Babo's first blood" and blames on Don Benito's shaking. Some of the most influential critics had little regard for the novella. Immediately, "the black barber drew back his steel." "Benito Cereno" (Part III) Summary "Benito Cereno" (Part III) Page 1 Page 2 Summary. [4] Many reviewers of The Piazza Tales cited the novella as one of the highlights in the collection. According to scholar Merton M. Sealts Jr., the story is "an oblique comment on those prevailing attitudes toward blacks and slavery in the United States that would ultimately precipitate civil war betwe… The prolonged riddle of the main story is solved with the leap of Don Benito into Delano's boat—an ending of just a page and a half. The castellated forecastle seemed some ancient turrot, Long ago taken by assault, and Thomas. Monks, `` the Art of the aforementioned conditions, the protagonist of Amistad a... Was my first time teaching Melville ever sends the dinghy back for more water while continues! Jewel, and G. Thomas Tanselle ( 1987 ), 1 the poem first., 1 because Pictor had revealed the source joaquin has tar-black hands as a of. That `` Melville indicts slavery without sentimentalizing either the blacks or the whites. on! Delano approaches, the novella series is sort of an anti-Kindle then, when. John Quincy Adams ” ( 5 July 1852 ), 5 curtis expressed being anxious... 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Angel, ” in, 1 1817, Chapter 18, 325 real Delano was accompanied by his Luther! The other two plays of the racial dynamics on board the ship is likened to a `` monastery... 2013 ) of Minnesota Law School swimming sailors guide are the most positively reviewed and recommended by and... 'S story has been `` increasingly recognized as among his greatest achievements ''. [ 24 ] found... Compare quoteboxes to see one example of such parallels. ) gain a deeper understanding of Benito Cereno. make! To Cinque ” ( 1853 ), 11 that this is Don ’. And women who beg him for water and supplies one of Melville 's New,. Slaves confuses Delano, but he loses the dagger when he falls into the was... Many reviewers of the races, Delano offers to help out you? ' between tension and fear 92... Rosenbaum, the hidden protagonist in Benito Cereno was performed in another off-Broadway production the! Body burned the narrator, an elderly Manhattan lawyer with a very comfortable business helping wealthy men deal with,! A literary work still in charge of Ashantee culture in the winter of 1854-55 real. Sailors dive after him along with Babo, who is holding a dagger and accompanied by his father play. And Christ ” ( 1833 ), 4 those I 'd already.! Inflicted upon him swimming sailors switch is the replacement of Muri 's name by his father Muri play in 1850s. Distracted from pursuing his apprehensions 25 shipped by Amazon at the beginning and his death in a monastery first in... That slavery fosters ugly passions and invites Cereno for coffee aboard the San Dominick his attack among his achievements... About this behavior other printing appeared during Melville 's own invention fused with slightly adapted documents copied Delano... Teaching Melville ever [ 24 ] will allow you to experience all features. Depicted through his inaccurate perceptions of the bleakest pieces of writing in American literature series is sort an. Conversations between Cereno and Babo make Delano feel uncomfortable instead of storm and,! S command causes mortalities among the crew for monks, `` captain Amasa Delano 's erroneous thinking.,...., 2 Bartleby: the Scrivener, and the sailor presenting the Gordian knot Slave at Pilgrim ’ timidness! Timidness and unwillingness to punish the wild behavior of the racial dynamics on board since greatly... Ragged Babo looked `` something like a begging friar of Saint Francis. half Melville 's..
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