Then, after two years of consultation and trials, a new ‘student-centred’ English language curriculum was announced for all primary and secondary schools (MOE 2003). The importance of buildings, grounds, and equipment assessments is essential for the Parish 5 Year Plan. Only four students first started to learn English in school with the remaining six students being exposed to English much earlier from kindergarten. Ways to Engage Your Stakeholders Based on the literature reviewed, it is clear that little research has been conducted regarding students’ perceptions on level system as much research focuses on teachers’ attitudes. Only student (S3_S7) dropped out of the class, because her parents were finally aware of the pressure she was under. This raises questions about the real status of English in primary school education and whether it is really perceived as important. Internal The .gov means it’s official. Second, the status of English is lower than the other two core subjects, Chinese and mathematics, mainly due to there being fewer teaching hours. The National Curriculum (MOE 2003, 2011) requires the introduction of English at Primary Three. S1_S9: My mom told me studying in NFLS would offer more possibility to continue studies overseas. Found insideInstead, and while teachers remain key players, other stakeholders in this process should work in collaboration with teachers. Locality, stakeholders, hubs and networks The ... importance of the development of local school programs. However, from the perspectives of all the students in School Two, it remains a major subject in primary school education. This is because, for example in the recent Youth Olympic Games (which took place in August 2014 in Nanjing), as some foreigners [will] come to Nanjing, we can [take this opportunity to] communicate with them. But, I have to say that our homework is way too much – especially we have to repeatedly copy the same words at least ten times to prepare for upcoming exams (written exams). educators, parents, students, and other key stakeholders focus on the state of education across the nation in the 21. st. century, various visions of how education may evolve, and how to best educate our students to be able to adapt and keep pace, offer a bewildering array of possibilities. S2_S9: I think it is fun and interesting. Importance Of Curriculum Evaluation Most recently, the latest version, 2011 English Language Curriculum Standard (MOE 2011) has been introduced, maintaining the main concept and design of the previous versions. 2. Setting Goals and Establishing Productivity. The students and their parents have, from the very early years of primary school, also started to consider their admission to ‘key’ secondary schools, such as NFLS, in order to enter better universities based on performance in the Gaokao. There are also rules in place to make sure that children with disabilities, or slow-learners, receive the same access to an education as other students. There is flexibility for school principals and local education departments for the ‘earlier’ introduction of English. Ministry of Education. S1_S6: If it (English) is not assessed [in the Gaokao], it cannot, eh, we cannot know how we have learnt. As China’s economy was boosted due to open foreign policies and the use of English, the policy makers of the Ministry of Education (MOE) decided to include English as the first compulsory subject in the secondary school curriculum and tertiary level of study. This highlights the official importance of English in both primary school education and society. This book focuses on developing an understanding of the complex interplay of forces acting on individual universities and higher education systems to enable leaders and practitioners to take purposeful and strategic action. stakeholders It is very important to understand that students from low SES backgrounds have to face much more challenges on the education pathways. Language teaching 40(03):243–249. Incorporating waste education into the school curriculum … International Journal of Applied Linguistics 9(1):3–17. When a child is expelled, he may lose his desire to continue attending traditional institution and quit. High expectations Connection They get involved in many ways in the implementation, because the curriculum affects them directly or indirectly. Therefore, the majority of the rural migrant workers leave their children in their hometowns to be cared for by the grandparents’ generation or parents’ generation (relatives and friends) (Zhou and Qing 2007). Prior to the introduction of the ‘one child’ policy, most rural families believed that boys are the future for family living allowances and development, as boys are necessary for labour in agriculture. In this case, accounting plays a big role in keeping records. School must have guidelines requiring acts of discrimination to be reported to their administrators and to be remedied promptly. S3_S6: My parents and grandfather prepare me for the national college of arts in stage performance or dancing major…they have never mentioned NFLS. One approach is private tutoring, which is very popular across the nation. Engaging Stakeholders in Education for Sustainable ... Found inside – Page 358When used quantitatively, the indicators presented a picture of the factors that school stakeholders found most important in the accomplishment of rural systemic reform. Indicators related to Driver 1 (implementation of a ... Stakeholders are individuals or institutions that are interested in the school curriculum. Stakeholders, Governance and Responsibility - Page 154 S1_S10: [It is] very important. The young learners are told to have to learn English, which unfortunately no need of using this language becomes common, particularly appearing in the low SES schools and families. In this paper, it aims to answer three questions: Do students believe that English is important in primary school education? 2002. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13616-016-0026-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13616-016-0026-0. Interestingly, the School Two students whose parents were mainly rural migrant workers in Nanjing, ranked the useful subjects in schooling with the vast majority of them prioritising Chinese. 2. Hannum, Emily, Peggy Kong, and Yuping Zhang. This document supported the early introduction of English language teaching in China (Gao 2009). This results in the difficult or impossible policy implementation in schools across the whole nation. Hu, Guangwei. New York: Wiley. Multiling.Ed. MOE. Zhang, Ellen Y, and Bob Adamson. The ‘one child’ policy, introduced in 1978 and officially applied in 1979, has changed the family and social structure in China (Chai 2012). This can take the form of examining the real amount of resources required for what the School actually needs, such as finding the cheapest suppliers without sacrificing quality. Parental demand and expectations for English education are high. The acquisition of English pronunciation: Learners’ views. Beijing: Ministry of Education. Policies influence how safe individuals are in school. Hyde Elementary School (K-3) is a place where all learners begin to explore their unique potential in a safe, engaging and challenging environment. This is the most comprehensive international discussion of higher education governance ever published. One student reported that her parents suggested overseas study without emphasising NFLS. This study is part of GQ’s PhD funded by Griffith University Postgraduate Research scholarship and Griffith International Postgraduate Research Scholarship. Fundamentally, it is because the examination system has never been updated and focuses only on written performance across the 12 years of school education. With all accounting activities, the final report provided helps management to know the business position so they can be able to know which direction they are ending. Economics of education review 21(6):523–541. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. According to the students, the parental expectations in their English academic performance were very high. Most often the present efforts are disproportionate because all the stakeholders want others to control the uncleanness. Fathering in Japanese, Chinese and Korean cultures: a review of the research literature. According to all of the students, their parents expect them to achieve the best possible scores and rankings among peers in their English learning in primary schools. State of Georgia government websites and email systems use “georgia.gov” or … 2006. GQ developed the research idea, collected and analysed the data, and drafted the manuscript. 2011. Activities that Influence the System: Activities in this section reflect the importance of taking knowledge and skill to the next level—Change within the system! However, in my opinion learning English is not for exams, but to benefit ourselves. English language education in East Asia: some recent developments. Zhou, Lin, and Yonghong Qing. skills of students, families, school staff, and members of the community increases the likelihood that inclusive practices will become integrated into the framework of the community. There were two main reasons. Review of Educational research 78(2):195–231. Current Issues in Language Planning 12(2):205-224. doi:10.1080/14664208.2011.606783. However, the status of English is very contradictory, as in exams, Chinese, mathematics and English are always considered as three core subjects, particularly because they are worth the same marks. Privacy Four of them said they were stressed from studying English after school. S2_S6: I think that I should say after I grow up, English is useful if travelling overseas. Students, teachers and staff members deserve to feel physically and psychologically secure in their environment. Policy should always be enforced through some kind of scrutinising mechanism, or it will be a weak internal control. A financial statement is as a result of accounting. Stakeholder reciprocity could be an innovative criterion in the corporate governance debate as to who should be accorded representation on the board. For this reason, it is important to have policies that incorporate other solutions before resorting to suspension and expulsion. Influence of rural labour migration on left-behind children‘s development 农村劳动力外出务工对―留守子女发展的影响. 1999. English Language Education in China: Policies, Progress, and Problems. doi:10.1080/00927678.2012.649638. Local, state, and federal government websites often end in .gov. Cite this article. It is extremely important that everyone is involved in the policy-making, that each stakeholder has his/her role, and should be able to take that role into the process. However, as their parents were rural migrant workers, the students might have had to move to different schools in different places dependent upon their parents’ work commitments. It is the fundamental building block for several related ideas such as … More businesses are adopting a strategic approach to their CSR policies because they are increasingly seeing the benefit across their business and for … For the students in senior years, in addition to expected scores, they also had to ensure that they ranked in the top three of their class in every test. stakeholders to build the airport infrastructure, lease space to service providers, and ensure that the service providers collaborate to provide seamless, safe, secure service to the consumers of air travel services. As a result, the structure of English classes in both years varies. This paper firstly examines China’s current primary school English language education policy and discusses the implications for the primary school curriculum. For instance, the sampling site, Nanjing, has many primary schools doing this. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Money Market – What is money market fund? Several students of School One reported that they had attended private English tutoring since kindergarten. 4: Springer International Publishing. Found inside – Page 63Initially, the importance of promoting student learning is stressed (step A). Thus, school stakeholders and the A&R Team are expected to develop the general aim of their intervention by taking into account that promotion of student ... It’s with the help of accounting there will be documents which will be factored in carrying out these processes. The students from School One discussed examinations and admission to good secondary schools and re-emphasised the parental demand in this process. English, based on hours taught, could therefore be regarded as a minor subject. Poverty, education, and intrahousehold bargaining: Evidence from China. California Privacy Statement, S2_S7: Many people have started learning English nowadays. It involves the effect on other stakeholders that particular job title may bring with it. Found insideAppreciating schools as functioning communities within a given population is probably the most helpful perspective from which to ... It is also important to recognize stakeholders at the school level when trying to build a community. The present study has answered the three initial questions: whether students believe that English is important in primary school education; why do they think the way they do; and what are the potential implications. The English language in Mainland China: a sociolinguistic profile. Therefore, the history of English language education in China has been controversial since it was first introduced into the Chinese education system in 1902 (Gu 1996). S1_S2: I have nothing too much [to say]. 2011. It is certainly important, but, with conditions along with learning the language. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00563.x. Managing and Monitoring Cash FlowProper accounting systems will take care of working capital and any other cash requirements within the business organization. The school alleged that the pupils engaged in the drinking of alcohol in contravention of the school rules. Therefore, this ‘open door’ policy has ensured urban parents can invest more in education for their children. Found inside – Page 28This includes sharing with multiple stakeholders the unique role that a school librarian holds. The first step is educating each stakeholder group on the value that school library programs add to the school culture. A team composed of internal and external stakeholders organized for the purpose of identifying school concerns and issues, and strategically coming up with appropriate interventions through a collaborative process. Brown, Philip H, and Albert Park. The present study is an attempt to explore the importance of English for students in primary schools in China and how students from different Socio-Economic Status (SES) backgrounds differ in their attitudes toward English. They did mention NFLS; however, only one or two of them were willing to sit the entry test. English language teaching in China: Regional differences and contributing factors. The Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally was established with the goal of integrating knowledge with action in regions around the world to inform evidence-based, strategic investments in young children, birth through age 8. Stake owners own and deserve a stake in the firm. School has an obligation towards the law of the land. This book is also a call to join me as an advocate for innovation in learning as the key to lifting the achievement of U.S. students and reaching the next billion young people worldwide." —FROM THE PREFACE Our digital age has prompted the ... Identifying stakeholders of the criminal justice system involves more than just the job title a person has. 2011. Found inside – Page 34Viennet and Pont (2017 [5] ) recognise the central role of stakeholders in education policy making and implementation. They suggest that when planning for implementation, policy makers should understand stakeholders' positions, ... Wei, Rining. What importance do teachers, administrators, parents, business owners and Part of The majority of students come from relatively high SES status families as their parents are generally well-educated and willing to invest extra time and effort for children in performing arts and academic study. However, this was considered as a ‘late’ start in Nanjing and the students of School Three were typically enrolled in extra curricula English classes to make up for the ‘later’ learning of English at school. Found inside – Page 186Like stakeholders in the education sector, they have their goals set on some form of balance, of accommodation, of adjustment to the impact of new social and economic pressures on Vanuatu. The emphasis to their attitude on the role ... S3_S6: I am in Primary Three, but my English is still at the level of beginner. Second, they wondered if their parents could provide financial support for them to study abroad (S2_S7) (as many NFLS graduates would go overseas) or whether they have considered this as an option (S2_S5). Li, Minglin. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Another important thing is that policies on teacher training and engagement should focus more on the professional continuum of teachers. Towards multilingual education: Basque educational research from an international perspective. An effective curriculum provides and involves teachers, students, administrators and community stakeholders with a measurable plan and structure for quality education delivery. Alexander W. Wiseman Tiedan Huang. allow to demonstrate good faith that employees will be treated fairly and equally. This highlights the official importance of English in both primary school education and society. The same discussion was held in the focus groups of School Two; however, the group two students compared English with the other subjects. At the same time, a specific ‘father-son’ relationship following Confucian tradition, characterised by filial piety, is considered as the most important cultural heritage and value in rural families (Dong and Simon 2010). You may also want to read up on some of our other very informative blog posts and learn Introduction To Investing or if you are thinking of investing and building your own portfolio you can check out Learning The Stock Market. Others, for instance, foreign language(s) primary schools sponsored by local governments or community, are more flexible with the teaching content and aim to offer a more interactive approach in a form of task-based language instruction that is derived the spirit of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) (Littlewood 2007). It can also be about limiting the financial losses that can cripple school operations, such as shortages, wastages, errors and other kinds of losses. Table 3 shows the student reference number, age, interview group, year of primary school and which school they were studying at. Here again, the importance of negotiation in business becomes clear. The CLT approach has been adopted in the education developed areas in China recent years incorporating two perspectives of teaching on: 1) the communicative functions and formal properties of English to engage students in using the language in problem solving activities, namely, task-based language teaching (Hu 2005; Littlewood 2004); and 2) natural interaction in English according to the content-based English instruction (Hu 2003). How stakeholders and the community are involved the curriculum process? The majority were required to obtain at least 90 % in each English test. Educational policies are rules that are intended to help schools teach students efficiently, fairly and safely as per the regulatory norms, and the Board to which the Institution is affiliated. Brown, Philip H. 2003. Poverty and basic education in Rural China: Villages, households, and girls’ and boys’ enrolment. I feel I have learnt [English] in vain (if English in the Gaokao reformed). Generally speaking, where English starts from Primary Three, based on the National Curriculum in the version of 2011, the weekly lessons for three core subjects in primary schools are required as shown in Table 1 (table designed according to MOE 2011). This book presents major findings from a research study exploring the leadership needed to enact rapid change – defined as three years or less – in various school contexts, overtly including the perspectives of leaders, teachers, ... Peter Storey, Vivien Berry, David Bunton, and Philip Hoare, 145–151. The main purpose for them to learn English well was primarily because of examinations, parental expectations and admission to good secondary schools. [In other words], English will not be such an important subject any more. This school only admits students who are talented in music, dancing or singing and also reside in Nanjing. Dong, Xinqi, and Melissa Andrea Simon. English has become a compulsory subject from Primary Three in China since 2003 and is gradually being introduced even earlier into the curriculum in many schools. This area requires further. As discussed earlier, due to the power of English in developing the economy, in science and technology, the primary aim of English education for the Chinese Government was for nation building. Management should establish standard rules to guide acceptable behaviour, and help create a conducive learning environment. In addition, there’s no doubt that English test is essential and part of the requirement of admissions to secondary schools and universities overseas, as it (English) is their native language. The stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational management and business ethics that accounts for multiple constituencies impacted by business entities like employees, suppliers, local communities, creditors, and others. At the same time, since the ‘open door’ policy was implemented in China, social changes and economic reforms have substantially increased individual and family incomes in urban and city areas (Adams and Hannum 2007; Brown and Park 2002; Brown 2003; Hannum 2003; Hannum et al. Academics being the major service of a school, it is mandatory to create a learning culture by encouraging the staff to continuously add to their knowledge. At different periods, English has been highly regarded in military, political and economic terms for nation-building; however, the language has also been seen as a threat to national integrity (Adamson 2002). 2003. I think I feel proud if I can learn the English language well. Level system refers to an organized framework utilized by educators in shaping desired learners’ behaviors through the application of behavioral principles (Cramerotti and Ianes, 2016). Check out what Colorado State University has to offer and discover if you have what […] 2012. The students reported their fear and pressure associated with exams, as their parents expected very high performance from them, not only scores but also expected them to be among the top of the class. Family sources of educational gender inequality in rural China: a critical assessment. Stakeholders are people who have, or think they have, a personal interest in the outcome of a policy. Also refers to as a process of analyzing, summarizing and reporting these transactions to the tax collection agencies and oversight agencies. Adopting a qualitative research design, which included six focus group interviews with students, the study investigated the attitudes of students toward the learning of English in the primary schools. Importance of Accounting in Business Organization, You may also want to read up on some of our other very informative blog posts and learn. help to adopt a consistent and clear response across the school to continually refer to situations involving any interactions between peers, students and parents. Teacher engagement is the key element for teacher retention, including teacher interventions, and their continuous professional development all over their career – they are a whole and they are interconnected. They reported that they had benefited from learning English earlier as they could be more confident when the school started to offer English lessons from Primary Three. Information to InvestorsFinancial statements and accounts are used to represent the organization to the stakeholders such as debtors, creditors, government, and investors, customers and employees. Language policy 4(1):5–24. 3. ELT journal 58 (4):319–326. 2002. As the students were under 18, their names and details were protected and coded in the form capital letter S, underline and number. School Three is a unique government school providing performing arts and academic curriculum. 2002. 2003. Kaplan, Robert B., Richard. In Bilingual Education in China: practices, policies and concepts, ed. MOE. The procedures shown in Table 2 were adapted from Braun and Clarke (2006). Targeted behaviors can include social interaction, communication and relations with educators to achieve desired learning outcomes (Chostelidou, 2010). The same situation can also be examined in other Asian countries, but whether English is important to all is still in question. This is because of the disparities between urban and rural families. Without these, institutions would lack the structure and function necessary to provide the educational needs of students. 2005. Stakeholders are those individuals or institutions that are interested in the school curriculum. School One is a prestigious and well-resourced government school, which represents the medium SES status of school in Nanjing. School policies must enable the organisation to maintain a degree of accountability in the eyes of internal and external stakeholders. CBSE to conduct Term 1 class 12, 10 board exams in ‘new pattern’ from November 16. If there are no formal policies, then organisation staff at any level would have no guidance on how to make right consistent decisions. Furthermore, in terms of the results analysed, the SES difference is less likely to affect the common belief in ‘the earlier the better’ among the students and their families. In comparison with School One and Three, most parents in School Two had been working hard to maintain education investment in their children; however, English may become somehow extras from the main purpose of education. B. Jr. Baldauf, and Nkonko Kamwangamalu. All the available textbooks are designed in accordance with the National Curriculum. Through rigorous academics and a skills-based social-emotional program, students establish a joy … As the two well-resourced primary schools, the students of School One and School Three highlighted the importance of English, though they also related this to the examination system. This leads to more productions since the management will make the right decision and proper planning due to the good flow of transactions in a business. Table 4 shows the details of their early exposure. Do You Have What it Takes to Become a Financial Analyst. In fact, many developed and wealthy regions and cities commonly introduce English from Primary One and Two. Their comments included: S1_S1: learning English is for communication when travelling to other countries after I am grown-up. Planning budgets help business to make strategies, save money and noticing any expenditure exceeding the budgeted amount. A Review of “Paradise Redefined: transnational Chinese students and the Quest for flexible citizenship in the developed world”. This rising ubiquity of ICT has meant that we must monitor its role in education. Article 2007. If [I] could learn it well, [I] would not have a problem to travel around most countries in the world. The students provided their reasons why they believed English was important. S2_S1: I will reduce my focus on learning English in school if English is not included in the Gaokao. Found inside – Page 63Stakeholder engagement is an important way to build this trust, and may extend from participation in the work of school units, through co-operation with local governments, through public dialogue at different levels, up to development ... This has resulted in different problems: first, the students have suffered great pressure from learning English; second, this pressure has been due to the fierce competition to be admitted to quality secondary schools and universities. My parents also pay much attention to my English learning. This debate has attracted much attention in the community, although the potential reforms have yet to be publicly announced. 2012. It was evident that the parents of nine students in School Two had been heavily involved in their English education. This is very different from those in School One and Three where they believed English was necessary to learn despite policy changes in the curriculum and Gaokao. Compliance is to follow these established defined statutory procedures and practices. 2011. It is important that the three schools represent three different styles and levels of SESs in Nanjing and China to provide an insightful understanding of students and generate reliable and generalised results for analysis. Found inside – Page 120A Vision for Comprehensive Reform in Milwaukee and Beyond Frederick Hess, author of Letters to a Young Education ... In addition to community meetings, he cites the importance of inviting stakeholders to come in and see schools, ... However, her study needs expanding research subjects, namely, other key stakeholders. By using this website, you agree to our However, questions have yet to be answered: whether English is a necessity for all children and whether children think that English is important for them.
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